Recombinant human IL‑1β is a human‑origin cytokine generated by genetic engineering, commonly expressed in Escherichia coli. IL‑1β is a key pro‑inflammatory mediator essential for immune activation and inflammatory cascades, mainly secreted by monocytes and macrophages. As a pleiotropic cytokine, it stimulates thymocyte proliferation, promotes B‑cell maturation and expansion, and induces prostaglandin and collagenase release. By binding to the IL‑1 receptor, IL‑1β activates NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways, regulating inflammation, immune homeostasis, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Elevated IL‑1β levels are strongly associated with multiple disorders including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, gout and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it acts as an endogenous pyrogen to induce fever and systemic inflammatory reactions. Widely used as a high‑activity research reagent, recombinant human IL‑1β facilitates mechanistic studies of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. It also serves as a standard reference for bioassays and ELISA detection. This product is generally supplied as lyophilized powder for laboratory applications.